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**Basics of Retaining Wall Design: A Design Guide for Earth Retaining Structures**
## What is a retaining wall?
A retaining wall is a structure that holds back soil or other materials from sliding down a slope. Retaining walls are used in a variety of applications, such as:
* Supporting roads and sidewalks
* Stabilizing slopes
* Creating terraces in gardens
* Supporting retaining ponds
## How do retaining walls work?
Retaining walls work by resisting the force of gravity. The weight of the wall itself, as well as the weight of the backfill material, helps to hold the soil in place. The type of retaining wall used will depend on the specific application and the amount of force that needs to be resisted.
## What are the different types of retaining walls?
There are a variety of different types of retaining walls, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The most common types of retaining walls include:
* Gravity walls: Gravity walls are the simplest type of retaining wall. They are constructed of solid masonry units, such as concrete blocks or stone, and rely on their own weight to resist the force of gravity.
* Reinforced earth walls: Reinforced earth walls are constructed of a series of soil-filled panels that are held in place by a system of geotextiles and reinforcing elements. Reinforced earth walls are relatively inexpensive to construct and can be built to a variety of heights.
* Gabion walls: Gabion walls are constructed of wire baskets filled with rocks or other materials. Gabion walls are flexible and can withstand a lot of movement, making them a good choice for areas with unstable soil.
## How to design a retaining wall
The design of a retaining wall will depend on a number of factors, including:
* The height of the wall
* The type of soil behind the wall
* The amount of force that needs to be resisted
* The desired appearance of the wall
Once these factors have been considered, a design can be developed. The design should include the following elements:
* The type of retaining wall to be used
* The size and shape of the wall
* The materials to be used
* The method of construction
## How to build a retaining wall
The construction of a retaining wall will vary depending on the type of wall that is being built. However, the following steps are generally involved:
1. Excavate the site for the wall.
2. Install a drainage system behind the wall.
3. Construct the wall footing.
4. Construct the wall panels.
5. Backfill the wall.
6. Finish the wall.
## Tips for building a retaining wall
* Hire a qualified contractor to build your retaining wall.
* Make sure the wall is designed to withstand the forces that will be acting on it.
* Use high-quality materials and construction methods.
* Follow the manufacturer's instructions for installing the drainage system.
* Backfill the wall slowly and carefully.
* Finish the wall in a way that will protect it from the elements.
## Resources
* [Retaining Wall Design Guide](https://www.awc.org/codes-standards/publications/awcc/awcc-6/awcc6-11-08)
* [Retaining Wall Construction Guide](https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/technical/engineering/publications/?cid=nrcs144p2_054196)
* [Retaining Wall FAQs](https://www.homedepot.com/c/retaining-walls-faqs-74995511#:~:text=Retaining%20walls%20are%20structures%20that,from%20sliding%20down%20a%20slope.)
## Hashtags
* #retainingwall
* #earthretainingstructures
* #landscaping
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